| Command | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ls | List directory contents | ls |
| cd | Change directory | cd /path/to/directory |
| pwd | Print working directory | pwd |
| mkdir | Create a directory | mkdir new_directory |
| touch | Create a new file | touch new_file.txt |
| rm | Remove files or directories | rm file.txt |
| cp | Copy files or directories | cp file.txt new_directory |
| mv | Move or rename files or directories | mv file.txt new_name.txt |
| cat | Display or concatenate files | cat file.txt |
| grep | Search for patterns in files | grep "pattern" file.txt |
| chmod | Change file permissions | chmod 755 file.txt |
| chown | Change file ownership | chown user:group file.txt |
| df | Display disk space usage | df -h |
| du | Display directory space usage | du -sh /directory |
| tar | Manipulate tar archives | tar -cvzf archive.tar.gz directory |
| uname | Display system information | uname -a |